/* ============================================================
site.css — Universal stylesheet for danielxu.github.io
Wired-inspired editorial redesign
Fonts: Playfair Display (display), Lora (body serif), Manrope (sans/UI)
============================================================ */
/* ---- Google Fonts import (add this ONE link tag in ) ---
---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ============================================================
Design tokens
============================================================ */
:root {
--ink: #000000;
--ink-soft: #1a1a1a;
--body: #757575;
--hairline: #e0e0e0;
--canvas: #ffffff;
--canvas-soft: #f5f5f5;
--link: #057dbc;
--duke-1: #003087;
--duke-2: #0F7BC4;
--f-display: "Playfair Display", "Times New Roman", Georgia, serif;
--f-serif: Lora, "Source Serif Pro", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
--f-sans: Manrope, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
--t-hero: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 4rem);
--t-lg: clamp(1.8rem, 3.5vw, 3rem);
--t-md: clamp(1.4rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
--t-sm: clamp(1.1rem, 1.8vw, 1.625rem);
--t-xs: 1.25rem;
--t-body-lg: 1.1875rem;
--t-body: 1rem;
--t-ui: 1.0625rem;
--t-sm-ui: 0.875rem;
--t-byline: 0.795rem;
--t-caption: 0.75rem;
--t-btn: 1rem;
--sp-xxs: 2px;
--sp-xs: 4px;
--sp-sm: 8px;
--sp-md: 12px;
--sp-lg: 16px;
--sp-xl: 20px;
--sp-2xl: 24px;
--sp-3xl: 32px;
--sp-4xl: 48px;
--maxw: 1160px;
--gutter: clamp(16px, 3vw, 24px);
}
/* ============================================================
Reset & base
============================================================ */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html, body { height: 100%; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
margin: 0;
background: var(--canvas);
color: var(--ink);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-body);
line-height: 1.6;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
/* ============================================================
Layout helpers
============================================================ */
.wrap {
width: min(var(--maxw), calc(100% - var(--gutter) * 2));
margin: 0 auto;
}
.grid-2 {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1.08fr 0.92fr;
gap: var(--sp-lg);
align-items: start;
}
.grid-2 > .col {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: var(--sp-lg);
}
@media (max-width: 980px) {
.grid-2 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
/* ============================================================
Navigation
============================================================ */
header {
position: fixed;
top: 14px;
left: 0;
right: 0;
z-index: 1000;
pointer-events: none;
}
.nav-bar {
pointer-events: auto;
/* slightly tighter on mobile so it doesn't overflow */
width: min(var(--maxw), calc(100% - 24px));
margin: 0 auto;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: var(--sp-sm);
padding: var(--sp-sm) var(--sp-md);
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
border-radius: 0;
}
.brand {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: var(--sp-sm);
/* NO min-width — let it shrink on mobile */
flex-shrink: 1;
min-width: 0;
}
.sig {
width: 10px;
height: 10px;
background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--duke-1), var(--duke-2));
flex-shrink: 0;
}
.brand strong {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 800;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
letter-spacing: -0.3px;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
nav.primary {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: var(--sp-xs);
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
.link {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 700;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
letter-spacing: 0.4px;
padding: var(--sp-sm) var(--sp-md);
border: 1px solid transparent;
transition: border-color 0.1s, background 0.1s;
}
.link:hover {
text-decoration: none;
border-color: var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
}
.link.cta {
border: 1px solid var(--ink);
background: var(--canvas);
border-radius: 0;
}
.link.cta:hover { background: var(--canvas-soft); }
.menu-btn {
display: none;
flex-shrink: 0;
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
padding: var(--sp-sm) var(--sp-md);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 800;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
letter-spacing: 0.4px;
cursor: pointer;
border-radius: 0;
white-space: nowrap;
}
@media (max-width: 980px) {
nav.primary { display: none; }
.menu-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-sm); }
}
/* Mobile menu panel */
.menu-panel {
pointer-events: auto;
width: min(var(--maxw), calc(100% - 24px));
margin: 10px auto 0;
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: rgba(255,255,255,.96);
backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
display: none;
border-radius: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
.menu-panel.open { display: block; }
.menu-panel a {
display: block;
padding: var(--sp-md) var(--sp-lg);
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 800;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
letter-spacing: 0.4px;
text-decoration: none;
text-align: center;
}
.menu-panel a:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.menu-panel a:hover { background: var(--canvas-soft); }
/* ============================================================
Page hero (Advising, Publications, Vox, Teaching)
============================================================ */
.page-hero {
padding: calc(84px + var(--sp-4xl)) var(--gutter) var(--sp-3xl);
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
}
.page-hero h1 {
margin: 0 0 var(--sp-sm);
font-family: var(--f-display);
font-size: var(--t-lg);
font-weight: 400;
line-height: 1.05;
letter-spacing: -0.4px;
}
.page-hero .subtitle {
margin: 0 0 var(--sp-md);
font-family: var(--f-serif);
font-size: var(--t-body-lg);
color: var(--body);
max-width: 72ch;
line-height: 1.65;
}
.color-rule {
height: 2px;
background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--duke-1), var(--duke-2));
margin: var(--sp-lg) 0 0;
opacity: 0.85;
}
/* ============================================================
Index hero (full-screen video)
============================================================ */
.hero {
position: relative;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
padding: calc(70px + var(--sp-lg)) var(--gutter) var(--sp-3xl);
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
}
.hero-inner {
width: 100%;
}
.hero-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1.25fr 0.75fr;
gap: var(--sp-lg);
align-items: end;
}
@media (max-width: 980px) {
.hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
.hero h1 {
margin: 0 0 var(--sp-sm);
font-family: var(--f-display);
font-size: var(--t-hero);
font-weight: 400;
line-height: 1.02;
letter-spacing: -0.5px;
}
/* .subtitle used inside both hero and page-hero */
.subtitle {
margin: 0 0 var(--sp-md);
font-family: var(--f-serif);
font-size: var(--t-body-lg);
color: var(--ink-soft);
max-width: 70ch;
line-height: 1.65;
}
/* Research-area chips */
.chips {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: var(--sp-sm);
margin-top: var(--sp-sm);
}
.chip {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 700;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
letter-spacing: 0.4px;
padding: var(--sp-sm) var(--sp-md);
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
border-radius: 0;
}
/* CTA / button rows */
.cta-row {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: var(--sp-sm);
margin-top: var(--sp-lg);
}
/* Quick-links panel in hero sidebar */
.panel {
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
padding: var(--sp-lg);
}
.panel h3 {
margin: 0 0 var(--sp-md);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
font-weight: 800;
letter-spacing: 0.6px;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
/* panel contact sub-block */
.panel-contact {
margin-top: var(--sp-md);
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
padding-top: var(--sp-md);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.panel-contact a {
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
padding-bottom: 1px;
}
.panel-contact a:hover {
border-bottom-color: var(--ink);
text-decoration: none;
}
.list {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
color: var(--ink-soft);
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: var(--sp-sm) var(--sp-xl);
}
.list li { margin: 0; }
.list a {
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
padding-bottom: 1px;
}
.list a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
/* ============================================================
Buttons
============================================================ */
.btn {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: var(--sp-sm);
padding: var(--sp-md) var(--sp-xl);
border: 1px solid var(--ink);
background: var(--canvas);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 700;
font-size: var(--t-btn);
letter-spacing: 0.3px;
border-radius: 0;
cursor: pointer;
transition: background 0.1s, color 0.1s;
}
.btn:hover {
text-decoration: none;
background: var(--ink);
color: var(--canvas);
}
.btn.primary {
background: var(--ink);
color: var(--canvas);
border-color: var(--ink);
}
.btn.primary:hover {
background: var(--ink-soft);
border-color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.btn-row {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: var(--sp-sm);
margin-top: var(--sp-sm);
}
.top-actions {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: var(--sp-sm);
margin-top: var(--sp-md);
}
/* ============================================================
Section heads
============================================================ */
main { padding: var(--sp-3xl) 0 var(--sp-xl); }
.section-head {
display: flex;
align-items: baseline;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: var(--sp-lg);
padding: var(--sp-md) 0 var(--sp-lg);
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
margin-bottom: var(--sp-lg);
}
.section-head h2 {
margin: 0;
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
font-weight: 800;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 0.6px;
}
.section-head .hint {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
color: var(--body);
max-width: 72ch;
}
@media (max-width: 820px) {
.section-head { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
}
/* ============================================================
Index page sections (Roles, Selected Papers)
— these use
— scoped so they DON'T get advising-block styling
============================================================ */
section.block {
padding: var(--sp-3xl) 0;
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
/* NO border, NO margin-top — those belong to .advising-block */
}
/* ============================================================
Cards (generic — Selected Papers)
============================================================ */
.card {
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
padding: var(--sp-lg);
}
.card h3 {
margin: 0 0 var(--sp-md);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 800;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 0.4px;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: var(--sp-sm);
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.tagline {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
font-weight: 700;
letter-spacing: 0.4px;
text-transform: uppercase;
padding: var(--sp-xs) var(--sp-sm);
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas-soft);
color: var(--ink-soft);
white-space: nowrap;
border-radius: 0;
}
.callout {
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas-soft);
padding: var(--sp-md);
}
.callout strong {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 800;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
letter-spacing: 0.4px;
}
.callout p {
margin: var(--sp-sm) 0 0;
font-family: var(--f-serif);
font-size: var(--t-body);
color: var(--ink-soft);
line-height: 1.65;
}
.small {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
color: var(--body);
margin-top: var(--sp-md);
}
.bullets {
margin: var(--sp-sm) 0 0;
padding-left: var(--sp-lg);
font-family: var(--f-serif);
font-size: var(--t-body);
color: var(--ink-soft);
line-height: 1.65;
}
.bullets li { margin: var(--sp-sm) 0; }
/* ============================================================
Papers (Selected Papers + Publications)
============================================================ */
.paper {
padding: var(--sp-md) 0;
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}
.paper:first-of-type { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.paper strong {
display: block;
font-family: var(--f-serif);
font-weight: 700;
font-size: var(--t-body);
line-height: 1.45;
}
.paper strong a {
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
padding-bottom: 1px;
}
.paper strong a:hover {
border-bottom-color: var(--ink);
text-decoration: none;
}
.meta {
margin-top: var(--sp-xs);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
color: var(--body);
line-height: 1.5;
}
.journal {
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ink-soft);
}
/* ============================================================
Roles & Affiliations (index)
============================================================ */
.roles-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1.15fr 0.85fr;
gap: var(--sp-lg);
align-items: start;
}
@media (max-width: 980px) { .roles-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.role {
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
padding: var(--sp-md) 0;
}
.role:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.role .t {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 700;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
}
.role .m {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
color: var(--body);
margin-top: var(--sp-xs);
}
.media-card {
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
overflow: hidden;
}
.media-card img {
width: 100%;
height: 320px;
object-fit: cover;
display: block;
}
.media-card p {
padding: var(--sp-md);
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
font-family: var(--f-serif);
font-size: var(--t-body);
color: var(--ink-soft);
line-height: 1.65;
margin: 0;
}
/* ============================================================
Year blocks (Publications page)
============================================================ */
.year-block {
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
margin-bottom: var(--sp-lg);
}
.year-head {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: var(--sp-md);
padding: var(--sp-md);
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas-soft);
}
.year-head strong {
font-family: var(--f-display);
font-weight: 400;
font-size: var(--t-sm);
letter-spacing: -0.3px;
}
.year-head span {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
color: var(--body);
font-weight: 700;
}
.year-block .paper { padding: var(--sp-md); border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.year-block .paper:first-of-type { border-top: 0; padding-top: var(--sp-md); }
/* ============================================================
Advising page — advisor block container
(deliberately a different class from section.block)
============================================================ */
.advising-block {
border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas);
margin-top: var(--sp-lg);
}
.block-head {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: var(--sp-md);
padding: var(--sp-md);
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--canvas-soft);
}
.block-head strong {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 800;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
letter-spacing: 0.2px;
}
.block-head span {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
color: var(--body);
font-weight: 700;
}
.subhead {
padding: var(--sp-md) var(--sp-lg) 0;
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 800;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
letter-spacing: 0.6px;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: var(--ink-soft);
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
margin-top: var(--sp-sm);
}
.subhead:first-of-type { border-top: 0; }
.list-rows { padding: var(--sp-sm) var(--sp-lg) var(--sp-lg); }
.row {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
gap: var(--sp-lg);
padding: var(--sp-md) 0;
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}
.row:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.cell {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
color: var(--ink-soft);
line-height: 1.5;
}
.cell b { color: var(--ink); }
.star { font-weight: 800; color: var(--ink); }
@media (max-width: 700px) { .row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
/* ============================================================
Policy Writing (Vox) page
============================================================ */
.platform-section { margin-bottom: var(--sp-3xl); }
.platform-badge {
display: inline-block;
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-caption);
font-weight: 800;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 0.6px;
padding: var(--sp-xxs) var(--sp-sm);
border: 1px solid currentColor;
border-radius: 0;
margin-bottom: var(--sp-sm);
}
.badge-voxeu { color: #2b5be8; background: rgba(43,91,232,.06); }
.badge-voxchina { color: #c0392b; background: rgba(192,57,43,.06); }
.badge-voxdev { color: #117a65; background: rgba(17,122,101,.06); }
.badge-bfi { color: #6d3a9c; background: rgba(109,58,156,.06); }
.badge-nber { color: #b5451b; background: rgba(181,69,27,.06); }
.vox-article {
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
padding: var(--sp-lg) 0;
background: var(--canvas);
}
.vox-article:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.vox-article h3 {
margin: 0 0 var(--sp-xs);
font-family: var(--f-serif);
font-weight: 700;
font-size: var(--t-body-lg);
line-height: 1.35;
}
.vox-article h3 a {
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
padding-bottom: 1px;
}
.vox-article h3 a:hover {
border-bottom-color: var(--ink);
text-decoration: none;
}
.vox-meta {
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
color: var(--body);
margin-bottom: var(--sp-sm);
letter-spacing: 0.2px;
}
.vox-desc {
font-family: var(--f-serif);
font-size: var(--t-body);
color: var(--ink-soft);
line-height: 1.65;
margin: 0 0 var(--sp-sm);
}
.paper-link {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: var(--sp-xs);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--link);
border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(5,125,188,.3);
padding-bottom: 1px;
}
.paper-link::before { content: "→"; font-size: 0.9em; }
.paper-link:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--link); text-decoration: none; }
/* ============================================================
Teaching page
============================================================ */
.teaching-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.teaching-list li {
padding: var(--sp-md) 0;
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
}
.teaching-list li:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.teaching-list strong { font-weight: 800; }
/* ============================================================
Footer
============================================================ */
footer {
padding: var(--sp-4xl) 0;
border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
background: var(--ink);
color: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
font-family: var(--f-sans);
font-weight: 400;
font-size: var(--t-sm-ui);
letter-spacing: 0.4px;
text-align: center;
}
footer a { color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); }
footer a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
/* ============================================================
Focus / accessibility
============================================================ */
:focus-visible {
outline: 2px solid var(--link);
outline-offset: 3px;
}
/* ============================================================
Mobile ≤ 600px
============================================================ */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
/* Tighter side margin */
.wrap,
.nav-bar,
.menu-panel { width: calc(100% - 24px); }
/* Button rows stack vertically */
.cta-row,
.btn-row,
.top-actions { flex-direction: column; }
.cta-row .btn,
.btn-row .btn,
.top-actions .btn { width: 100%; justify-content: center; }
/* Block / year heads stack */
.block-head { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: var(--sp-xs); }
.year-head { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 2px; }
/* Card headers allow wrapping */
.card h3 { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
.tagline { white-space: normal; font-size: 0.82rem; }
/* Chips smaller */
.chip { font-size: 0.82rem; padding: var(--sp-xs) var(--sp-sm); }
}
/* ============================================================
Reduced motion
============================================================ */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
*, *::before, *::after { transition: none !important; }
}
/* Quick links row in hero */
.quick-links {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 8px;
margin-top: 16px;
padding: 12px 0;
border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
}
.quick-links a {
font-family: Manrope, sans-serif;
font-size: 0.875rem;
font-weight: 700;
color: #1a1a1a;
padding: 6px 14px;
border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
background: #f5f5f5;
}
.quick-links a:hover {
background: #000;
color: #fff;
border-color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
}